Mila Sep 16,2025 7663

PCB Layout Design Process from Schematic to Manufacturing

PCB layout design is the process of transforming an electrical schematic into a complete, manufacturable printed circuit board (PCB). A well-designed PCB layout must do more than simply connect compon...

pcb layout design schematic design pcb layout services pcb layout design services

Mila Oct 26,2026 273

PCB Copper Thickness Guide for Current, Impedance, and Heat Dissipation

PCB copper thickness affects current-carrying capacity, trace impedance, heat dissipation, and manufacturing complexity. Thicker copper is not always better, and thinner copper is not always the right...

PCB copper thickness PCB copper weight PCB copper thickness selection PCB copper thickness for current

Mila Oct 22,2026 120

PCB Routing Guidelines for Ground, Power, and Signal Traces

Poor PCB routing can lead to signal integrity issues, EMC failures, and power instability, even when component selection and schematic design are correct. These problems often stem from discontinuous ...

PCB routing PCB routing guidelines PCB trace routing PCB ground plane PCB signal integrity

Mila Oct 19,2026 553

Power Supply Pinout Explained: VIN, VOUT, SW, PH, and BAT

Isn’t VIN the power input and VOUT the output? Many beginner hardware engineers have this question in PCB layout when they first look at power ICs and power module schematics. If a power supply essent...

power supply pinout power supply pins DC-DC converter pins VIN vs VOUT

Mila Oct 16,2026 338

Reflow Soldering vs. Wave Soldering: Key Differences and PCB Design Tips

As hardware engineers, we design the PCB, select the components, and send the Gerber files to the manufacturer. But have you ever wondered why some components go through reflow soldering while others ...

Reflow Soldering Wave Soldering SMT vs. THT PCB Assembly PCB Soldering

Mila Oct 15,2026 222

Flex PCB Design Guidelines for Reliable Bending

Unlike rigid PCBs, flexible PCBs (FPCs) can bend and fold to fit into compact electronic devices. They are widely used in smartphones, laptops, printers, and other products where space is limited or c...

flex PCB design flex PCB bend radius flexible PCB design guidelines

Mila Oct 13,2026 356

How to Reduce Crosstalk in PCB Routing: Spacing, 3W Rule, and More

Many hardware and PCB layout engineers rely heavily on experience when dealing with crosstalk. Routes that are too close may cause interference, while increasing spacing can make routing difficult. So...

PCB routing signal integrity，PCB crosstalk，3W rule PCB

Mila Oct 12,2026 472

Are More PCB Decoupling Capacitors Always Better?

If you have ever designed a PCB schematic, you have probably placed a familiar trio of capacitors near a chip’s power pins: 0.1 µF, 1 µF, and 10 µF.It seems like a safe bet. Different capacitance valu...

decoupling capacitor PCB decoupling capacitor decoupling capacitor placement PCB power integrity

Mila Oct 07,2026 660

Why Do PCBs Need Stitching Vias Along the Board Edge?

Anyone who has worked on PCB layout has probably experienced this: after finishing the layout, you hand the board over to a senior engineer for review. They take a quick look around the board and ask,...

stitching vias PCB EMI shielding PCB return path PCB via stitching

Mila Sep 30,2026 393

Analog vs Digital Circuits: Understanding Digital, Analog, and Mixed-Signal Chips

We often say that the world of chips consists of only 0s and 1s. But more accurately, digital circuits use defined voltage ranges to represent discrete logic states, while the real world is clearly no...

analog vs digital circuits analog and digital circuits analog circuits digital circuits mixed signal PCB design

Mila Sep 29,2026 732

Power Supply Design and Layout Guidelines for LDO and DCDC

Power supply design is not simply about choosing the right regulator and adding enough copper. The PCB layout directly affects thermal performance, noise, EMI, stability, and overall power integrity.L...

power supply design DCDC PCB layout power supply layout LDO layout guidelines

Mila Sep 28,2026 484

How Vias Affect Signal Integrity in High-Speed PCB Design

Anyone involved in high-speed PCB design has probably heard this rule of thumb: minimize vias in high-speed routing whenever possible.But many engineers know they should do this without fully understa...

signal integrity high-speed PCB design via stub

Mila Sep 28,2026 573

Why No Traces Under a Crystal Oscillator in PCB Layout?

When designing a PCB, many engineers have heard the rule: no traces should run under a crystal oscillator. But why? Can a low-speed signal trace really affect a crystal oscillator? And can a guard rin...

pcb routing crystal oscillator pcb layout pcb crystal oscillator

Mila Sep 24,2026 585

Can AGND and DGND Be Connected Directly in ADC PCB layout?

When designing an ADC or DAC, one of the most common questions in PCB layout is how to handle the AGND and DGND pins. If a device has separate analog and digital ground pins, should they be connected ...

PCB layout agnd vs dgnd mixed-signal PCB design ADC PCB layout

Mila Sep 23,2026 683

PCB Conformal Coating: Which Components Need Masking?

Applying a conformal coating to the PCB during PCB assembly process can enhance the PCB's resistance to moisture, salt spray, dust, and corrosive environments. However, it is essentially an insul...

PCB conformal coating circuit board conformal coating pcb protection coating

Mila Sep 21,2026 524

Why Antipads Matter for Signal Integrity in High-Speed PCB Design

In high-speed PCB design, via antipads are often treated as simple clearance features. In fact, the size of a PCB antipad directly affects the parasitic capacitance and local impedance around a via, m...

signal integrity PCB antipad high-speed PCB design anti pad pcb

Mila Sep 16,2026 893

0402 vs 0603 Capacitor for High-Speed PCB Decoupling

A common misconception is that a larger capacitor package stores more energy and therefore provides better filtering performance. However, in high-speed PCB designs such as FPGA, SoC, and DDR applicat...

decoupling capacitor 0402 capacitor 0603 capacitor 0402 vs 0603 capacitor

Mila Sep 14,2026 577

Why ICs Fail After Passing ESD Tests and How ESD Differs from EOS

Previous articles have covered key technologies related to chip ESD, including ESD diodes, power clamps, CDM mechanisms, and ESD testing procedures, with a focus on chip-level electrostatic discharge ...

ESD protection esd protection circuit

Mila Sep 11,2026 558

PCB Layout Guide to Interface Driver and Connector Placement

People who design PCBs for embedded, industrial control, and communication hardware have probably heard a common PCB layout rule: interface drivers should be placed as close as possible to board-edge ...

PCB layout interface driver PCB connector placement interface PCB design