A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. PCB's can be single sided (one copper layer), double sided (two copper layers) or multi-layer. Conductor on different layers are connected with plated-through holes called vias. Advanced PCB's may contain components - capacitors, resistors or active devices - embedded in the substrate.
Brief introduction
The abbreviation of PCB is English "Printed circuit board", literal translation is the meaning of the printed circuit board. The meaning is: insulation materials as substrate processed into a certain size of plate, the at least one conductive graphics and designed by hole, in order to realize the electrical connection between electronic components, the plate is called a Single-sided PCB circuit boards. Focus on the most basic of PCB, part on the one side, the conductor is focused on the other side.
Because the wire only appear on one side, so we called this kind of PCB is called single sided PCB. Usually put on insulation materials, according to the book design, made from printed circuit, components or a combination of the two conductive graphics printed called printed circuit. On the insulating substrate to provide components of electrical connection between conducting graphics, called printed circuit. Thus the printed circuit product called printed circuit board or printed circuit, also called printed circuit board or printed circuit board. Focus on the most basic of PCB, part on the one side, the conductor is focused on the other side. Because the wire only appear on one side, so we called this kind of PCB is called single sided PCB. Because in single-sided PCB circuit design, there are many restrictions (because only one side, between the wiring does not must pay around the path alone. Because single-sided circuit board in the design of lines, there are many restrictions (because only one side, wiring between cannot pay * and must be around the path alone. Single printed circuit board process has become a classic, but with its processing technology to improve technology improvement, equipment improvement, the use of extension, and make the examination more and more, the quality of the content of the demand for more and more high, the original 88 GB / 10244 standards, has far cannot satisfy the single side PCB production and processing, control and production delivery requirements for inspection.
Single-sided PCB circuit boards
Single-sided PCB circuit board is the inventor of the austrians love Paul le (PaulEisler), he was in a radio device in 1936 adopted the printed circuit board. In 1943, americans will be extensive use of the technology in the military radio. In 1948, the United States formally recognised the invention used for commercial purposes. Since the mid - 1950 - s, single-sided PCB technology began to be widely used.
In single-sided PCB circuit boards, electronic components of interconnection between relied on wire directly connected. And now, just as an effective tool of experimental circuit panel and exist; Printed circuit board in the electronics industry has occupied a position of absolute rule.
The history of single-sided PCB
Single sided printed circuit board is in the early 1950 s with the emergence of transistors, developed products, centered in the United States was the main method for copper foil etching method directly for the mainstream. For the first time in 1953 ~ 1955, the Japanese use imported copper foil made paper phenolic copper foil substrates, and a large number of applications in the radio. In 1956, the Japanese professional circuit board manufacturer, manufacturing technology and rapid progress of single-sided PCB board. In terms of material, early with paper phenolic copper foil substrate is given priority to, but because of the low phenolic electrical insulation material, welding heat resistance is poor, the distortion factors, such as paper ring gas with resin, fiberglass epoxy resin, such as material was developed, the current consumer electronic machine for single panel, almost use paper phenolic backing board. Single PCB production process single-sided PCB production: copper clad, blanking, scrub, dry, drilling or punching, screen printing line etched pattern or resistance using dry film - check fix plate curing - etching copper - to resist printing material, dry scrub, dry - screen printing resistance welding graphics (commonly used green oil), UV curing, character marking graphics screen printing, UV curing, preheating, punching, and appearance - electric open and short circuit test - scrubbing, drying - precoating run-off antioxidant (dry) or spray tin hot air leveling, packing, finished products inspection.
Summary of single-sided PCB circuit boards
Generally speaking, single-sided PCB circuit board is coated copper through etching processing. Coated copper consists of plate and copper foil board base in insulation materials such as glass fiber, usually covered with a layer of copper foil (usually adopts the oxygen-free copper). Copper foil after the etching leaves a period of winding copper foil, the copper foil is called line (trace). These linear function is equivalent to the circuit principle diagram of the attachment, they are responsible for the components of the pins together. Some of the hole is drilled on the copper foil, which is used to install electronic components, called drilling. And used for welding of copper foil and element pin is called Pad (Pad). Obviously, single-sided PCB circuit boards provide fixed for electronic components, assembly of mechanical support, can realize the insulation between the electrical connection or electronic components. In addition, we can also see many single-sided PCB circuit boards are printed with number of components and some graphics, it provides the components instrumentation, inspection, maintenance is convenient.
Type of single-sided PCB circuit board materials
(1) phenolic paper substrate
Phenolic paper substrate (commonly known as a, cardboard, plastic board, where V0 board, fire retardant board, red copper clad, 94 where V0. The most commonly used products of phenolic paper base copper clad laminates (flame retardant) models for FR - 1 and XPC (flame retardant) two kinds. Single sheet can be easily judging character from behind the plate color, general scarlet letter for the FR - 1 (flame retardant), blue word for XPC (flame retardant). This type of plate relative to other types of board is the cheapest.
(2) of epoxy glass fiber cloth substrate
Epoxy glass fiber cloth substrate (commonly known as: epoxy plate, glass fiber board, fiberboard, FR4), epoxy glass fiber cloth substrate based on epoxy resin as binder, with electronic level glass fiber cloth as reinforcing material of substrate. Its bonding sheet and thin sheet, inner core is an important base material in production of multilayer printed circuit board. Working temperature is higher, itself performance affected by environment. On the processing technology, than other resin fiberglass cloth substrate has great superiority. This kind of product is mainly used for phenolic paper double-sided PCB, compared with the same base board about twice as expensive, common thickness is 1.5 MM.
(3) composite substrate
Composite substrate (commonly known as: powder plate etc, cem 1 sheet domestic some places also called 22 f) and cem it mainly refers to the cem - 1-3 composite base copper clad. With wood pulp fiber paper or cotton pulp fiber paper core material reinforced material, the surface layer with glass fiber cloth as reinforcing material, both are dipped in flame retardant epoxy resin copper clad, called the CEM - 1. With glass fiber paper as core material reinforced material, surface layer with glass fiber cloth as reinforcement, are dipped in flame retardant epoxy resin, made of copper clad, called the CEM - 3. Is by far the most common of the two types of copper clad laminates composite base copper clad. The type plate is much cheaper than FR4 type plate.
Single sided PCB application
Single-sided PCB we can almost see electronic equipment is inseparable from it, electronic watches, calculator, general computer, small to big to the computer, communication electronic equipment, military weapon system, as long as there are integrated circuits and other electronic devices, electrical interconnection between them are used for PCB. It provides integrated circuits and other electronic components fixed assembly of mechanical support, implementation of integrated circuits and other electronic components between wiring and electrical connection or electrical insulation, provide the required electrical properties, such as the characteristic impedance, etc. At the same time to provide automatic soldering resistance welding graphics; Instrumentation for components, inspection and maintenance to provide identification characters and graphics.
Single-sided circuit board category
22 f - 94 hb - 94 vo - CEM - 1 - CEM - 3 - FR - 4
94 hb: ordinary cardboard, do not fire (the most cheap material, punching mould, cannot do the power board)
94 where v0: flame retardant board (die punching)
22 f: single half glass fiber board (die punching)
CEM 1: single glass fiber board (usually computer drilling, also can die)
Valuation methods
Because of the influence of single-sided PCB circuit board is there are multiple aspects of the cost, include the cost of raw materials, the production cost, production technology, special requirements, etc., to as pricing is really rather than single-sided PCB supplier negotiations, a general formula of unit price: (MM) x (MM) wide by 0.01 x unit price (yuan/square meters) present 10000 rounds) (3 digits after the decimal point.
Single-sided printed circuit board inspection defect definitions
(1) fatal flaw: its poor quality and cause a significant impact, there may be damage, endanger human life, other equipment, other lines, etc., such a bad quality issues must be completely eliminated.
(2) Heavy flaw: its poor quality can not be used to make printed circuit boards are on purpose.
(3) Light flaw: its poor quality, may cause decreased performance printed circuit boards, life expectancy has been shortened.
(4) minor flaw: its poor quality will reduce the value of the goods, but does not affect the performance of printed circuit boards and longevity.
(5) a conical hole: since the gap between the upper and the lower perforation holes punched model is too large, cross-sectional shape of the punch hole piercing parts after assembly of the side parts of the open horn shape.
(6) MT surface: parts assembly surface
(7) PT surface: welding surface
Check the referenced standard single-sided printed circuit boards
(1) Toshiba TDS-23-58-1-sided printed circuit board inspection company specifications
(2) JIS-C-6481 PCB copper clad laminates used test method
(3) JIS-C-1052 test method PCB
(4) GB10244-88 radio receivers printed boards
(5) Acer IQC PCB inspection standard 96-8-12
(6) Co., Ltd. Showa electric wires laid paper-based PCB inspection specifications 96-7-2
(7) Matsushita Electric Corporation 96-5-6 sided printed circuit board inspection specifications
The main purpose of single-sided printed circuit boards
1, LCD, FPC industry;
2, the chemical industry barrier material; electrically insulating material;
3, from the shape of wood, insulation materials, insulation materials;
4, the conveyor belt;
5, copper sheets laminates
5, other industry.
Single-sided PCB production process
We can see almost single-sided PCB electronic equipment without it, small electronic watches, calculators, general computer, large computers, electronic communication equipment, military weapon systems, as long as there is no integrated circuits and other electronic devices, electrical interconnection between them to be used in PCB. It provides an integrated circuit and other electronic components of the mechanical support fixed assembly, achieve various integrated circuits and other electronic components and electrical connections between the wiring or electrical insulation, to provide the desired electrical characteristics, such as characteristic impedance.
While providing for the automatic soldering solder graphics; Cartridge for the components, inspection, maintenance provide identification characters and graphics.
Single-sided PCB production process
Single-sided PCB: Single CCL - cutting - washing, drying --drilling or punching - screen printing line anti-etched graphics or use dry - cured inspection repair panels - etched copper - to resist printed materials, dry - scrub, dry --screen printing solder graphics (common green oil), UV curing - Screen Printing character mark graphics, UV curing--preheating, punching and appearance - electrical open circuit test - - washing, drying - pre-coated anti-oxidant flux (dry) or HAL HASL - test package - finished product.
Single-sided PCB plate presentation
General printed single-sided PCB clad laminates made with commonly used is copper clad laminates . When selected aspects of the plate from the electrical performance , feasibility, processing requirements , economic indicators and other considerations , common copper clad laminates have a paper phenolic copper clad laminates, paper epoxy copper clad laminates, laminates epoxy glass cloth laminate foil , copper clad epoxy phenolic glass cloth laminated sheet , PTFE glass fabric copper-clad laminates and multi-layer printed circuit board with epoxy glass cloth.
Single-sided PCB board features
Since the epoxy resin and has excellent adhesion to the copper foil , therefore the adhesion strength of the copper foil and the high temperature can be immersed in the molten tin solder without foaming of 260 ℃ . Glass cloth impregnated with epoxy resin laminate was less humidity. UHF printed circuit finest materials are PTFE glass fabric copper-clad laminate . On a flame retardant requirements of electronic equipment , but also the use of flame retardant copper clad laminate , the principle is the insulating paper or glass cloth impregnated with a non-combustible or flame-retardant resin , so that the resulting copper clad phenolic paper quality laminates, paper epoxy copper clad laminates, copper clad epoxy glass cloth laminate , copper clad epoxy phenolic glass cloth laminated board, in addition to the proposed performance compared with similar copper-clad laminates , but also there are flame retardant .
Single-sided circuit board industry outlook analysis
Most single-sided printed circuit are small to large enterprises , ran into the nineties . The rapid development of the electronics industry in Guangdong , so one-sided printed circuit board companies have been expanding rapidly , as long as it is a legitimate business enterprises up , most have been developing rapidly, are made from simple facilities , and even the old equipment to start, expanding by dozens of small workshops , so that hundreds of people are currently thousands of businesses. Some operating properly, the conservative-minded company , valued at only short-term high profits , not seen sustainable development, so stagnant , not only in terms of personnel , equipment investment areas are behind the times , but a competition intense, it is the point of bankruptcy.
PCB era of high profits has in the past , those companies able to rapidly expand , and to the golf market , although in a temporary lead in the competition, but placed in front of these companies is more due to interference. Because there is an edge in cost , if a company is rapidly expanding in the same time, poor management, poor quality control , cost control no less , will soon be out of date.
Mentioned cost control, it should be those bosses patents , all in the competition, remain unbeaten companies are able to good cost control . Almost all of the bosses are good at this , continue to lower wages , lower raw material prices continue to constantly withholding food , business is not good, substantial containing members ; When business is good , a lot of recruitment .
About PCBway
Since 2003 PCBWAY has been the leading PCB quick turn manufacturer specializing in both Prototype and Production quantities, Initially produced single-sided and double-sided printed circuit boards for the consumer electronics market. PCBWAY is ranked among the top 4 board fabricators in asia and is well-known for its expedited turn time capabilities and its reliable best on-time shipping record.
Today, we have over 450 operators with high modern facilities to manufacture multi-layer PCB up to 12 layers. Backing up with a group of professional engineers, and well established quality system. PCBWay has grown to become a major PCB manufacturer in Asia to serve in diverse customers base such as electronics appliance, communication, educational electronics, power supplies, Automationsetc.
Our mission is to become one of leading PCB manufacturer that provide in high quality product with total customer satisfaction.
For more information about PCB, or to learn more about the online quote and ordering process, please visit //www.PCBway.com.
