This project is a compact AC-to-DC power conversion circuit designed to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) using a full-wave bridge rectifier and filtering stage. The circuit is implemented on a custom-designed PCB and demonstrates the fundamental principles of power electronics and PCB design.

The input AC voltage is connected through a two-pin terminal block and is rectified using four 1N4007 diodes arranged in a bridge rectifier configuration. This converts the alternating waveform into a pulsating DC output. A 1000µF electrolytic capacitor is used as a filter capacitor to reduce ripple and provide a smoother DC output voltage.

An LED indicator circuit consisting of a 2.2kΩ resistor and a 5mm LED is included to visually indicate the presence of output voltage. A 10kΩ resistor is also incorporated to improve circuit stability. The final DC output is available through a dedicated output terminal block.

The PCB was designed using KiCad with attention to proper component placement, routing, and manufacturability. The project serves as an educational demonstration of AC-to-DC conversion, bridge rectifier operation, capacitor filtering, and PCB design practices.

Features

Full-wave bridge rectifier using four 1N4007 diodes

Electrolytic capacitor filtering for ripple reduction

LED power indication

Compact and easy-to-manufacture PCB layout

Suitable for educational and laboratory applications

Demonstrates basic power electronics concepts

Applications

Electronics laboratory experiments

Power electronics education

PCB design learning and practice

Basic DC power supply demonstrations

Academic projects and prototyping

Components Used

4 × 1N4007 Rectifier Diodes

1 × 1000µF Electrolytic Capacitor

1 × 2.2kΩ Resistor

1 × 10kΩ Resistor

1 × 5mm LED

2 × 2-Pin Screw Terminal Connectors