This is an 8 element patch antenna for use in phased array systems. Complete build and educational information is available at www.github.com/jonkraft/PhasedArray

Phased array beamformers are very cool! And they find application in 5G MIMO, FMCW radar, and satellite communications. But their underlying principles can be hard to figure out. With this antenna, and the instructions at the link above, you can build an easy to use system that allows you to experience the underlying math and principles of beamformers.  With this setup, you can track an RF source, plot its beam characteristics and learn of the features integrated into modern beamformer ICs. It is a hands-on way to learn about steering angle, beam width, null locations, beam tapering, grating lobes, beam squint, and monopulse tracking.